indigenous participation in natural resource development has become an integral part of the advancement of major projects both in ontario and across canada. this participation until the most recent decades was limited by insufficient capacity for indigenous communities to represent their interests in project partnerships. the transition to community-based management in natural resource projects has provided an opportunity for better inclusion of indigenous social values and traditional ecological knowledge (tek). the development of meaningful environmental monitoring programs is poised to further elevate capacity potential and enhance the stewardship role of indigenous peoples. through the establishment of a framework for assessing the options for programs to build indigenous capacity, an evaluation of relevant and culturally appropriate skills training can be actualized.