graphite is a valuable natural resource and useful carbon allotrope that has been explored for various applications. graphene is a two-dimensional (2d) transparent material, which is the strongest, thinnest, and most conductive substance known. graphene-based materials are strategic nanomaterials that have been investigated for various applications, encompassing water contaminant remediation, energy conversion and storage, and electrochemical biosensors, and graphite is its primary source. this msc thesis focuses mainly on: (a) the characterization of graphite and the study of its properties, both of which influence the quality of graphene based materials; (b) the development of a novel and simple strategy toward the generation of high quality graphenoids; and (c) the exploration of green chemistry applications such as environmental contaminant remediation and energy conversion and storage. [...]