modern technologies, particularly connectivity, increasingly support many facets of everyday life. the next generation of wireless communication systems aims to provide new advanced services and support new demands. these services are required to serve a massive number of devices and achieve higher spectral and energy efficiency, ultra-low latency, and reliable communication. the research community around the globe is still working on finding novel technologies to meet these requirements. full duplex (fd) communications have been recognized as one of the promising wireless transmission candidates and gamechangers for the future of wireless communication and networking technologies, thanks to their ability to greatly improve spectral efficiency (se) and dramatically enhance energy efficiency (ee). in this thesis, first, the influence of hardware impairment (hwi) on singleinput single-output (siso) fd access point (ap) is studied. more precisely, the se and ee when the system’s terminals have impaired transceivers are analyzed. optimization problem for ee maximization is formulated to fulfill quality of service (qos) and power budget constraints. an algorithm to solve the optimization problem by using the fractional programming theory and karush–kuhn–tucker (kkt) conditions technique is proposed. [...]